Day 27 — Telling Time

1. Topic Introduction

Telling time in French is an essential daily skill because it is used for:

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  • daily routine
  • appointments
  • travel
  • schedules
  • classes
  • work
  • conversations

French time expressions are based mainly on the verb être because French says literally:

it is … hour(s)

Compare:

French SentenceMeaningPronunciation
Il est trois heures.It is three o’clockeel eh trwah œr
Il est huit heures.It is eight o’clockeel eh weet œr

Important:

French always begins with:

Il est…

except when asking the time.

2. Asking the Time

French uses several common question forms.

Main Question Forms

French QuestionMeaningPronunciation
Quelle heure est-il ?What time is it?kel œr eh-teel
Il est quelle heure ?What time is it?eel eh kel œr

The first form is the most standard and formal.

Answers

French AnswerMeaning
Il est deux heures.It is two o’clock
Il est cinq heures.It is five o’clock

3. Full Hour Structure

French basic structure for exact hour:

StructureMeaning
Il est + number + heure / heuresIt is … o’clock

Important Rule: Singular and Plural

TimeFrench Form
1:00Il est une heure.
2:00 and aboveIl est deux heures.

Examples

French SentenceMeaningPronunciation
Il est une heure.It is one o’clockeel eh oon œr
Il est quatre heures.It is four o’clockeel eh katr œr
Il est dix heures.It is ten o’clockeel eh deez œr

Important:

Only une heure stays singular.

4. Exact Hours from 1 to 12

TimeFrenchPronunciation
1:00une heureoon œr
2:00deux heuresduh œr
3:00trois heurestrwah œr
4:00quatre heureskatr œr
5:00cinq heuressank œr
6:00six heuressees œr
7:00sept heuresset œr
8:00huit heuresweet œr
9:00neuf heuresnuhf œr
10:00dix heuresdeez œr
11:00onze heuresonz œr
12:00douze heuresdooz œr

5. Minutes After the Hour

To add minutes, French simply adds the number after heures.

Structure

StructureMeaning
Il est + hour + minutesIt is hour + minutes

Examples

French SentenceMeaningPronunciation
Il est trois heures dix.It is 3:10eel eh trwah œr dees
Il est cinq heures vingt.It is 5:20eel eh sank œr van
Il est huit heures trente.It is 8:30eel eh weet œr trahnt

6. Quarter Past, Half Past, Quarter To

French has special expressions for common time points.

Quarter Past

FrenchMeaningPronunciation
et quartquarter pastay kar

Example

French SentenceMeaning
Il est trois heures et quart.It is 3:15

Half Past

FrenchMeaningPronunciation
et demiehalf pastay duh-mee

Example

French SentenceMeaning
Il est six heures et demie.It is 6:30

Important:

demie becomes feminine because heure is feminine.

Quarter To

FrenchMeaningPronunciation
moins le quartquarter tomwan luh kar

Example

French SentenceMeaning
Il est huit heures moins le quart.It is 7:45

Important:

French counts backward toward the next hour.

7. Minutes Before the Hour

French also uses moins for minutes before the next hour.

Structure

StructureMeaning
next hour + moins + minutesminutes to next hour

Examples

French SentenceMeaningPronunciation
Il est neuf heures moins dix.It is 8:50eel eh nuhf œr mwan dees
Il est cinq heures moins vingt.It is 4:40eel eh sank œr mwan van

Important:

French names the next hour, not the current one.

8. Special Times: Noon and Midnight

French has two very important special words.

FrenchMeaningPronunciation
midinoonmee-dee
minuitmidnightmee-nwee

Examples

French SentenceMeaning
Il est midi.It is noon
Il est minuit.It is midnight

With Minutes

French SentenceMeaning
Il est midi dix.It is 12:10
Il est minuit et quart.It is 12:15 at night

9. Formal 24-Hour Time

French often uses 24-hour time in:

  • transport
  • schedules
  • official contexts
  • written timetables

Structure

StructureMeaning
number + heures24-hour system

Examples

FrenchMeaningPronunciation
13 heures1:00 PMtrez œr
14 heures trente2:30 PMka-torz œr trahnt
18 heures6:00 PMdeez-weet œr

Sentence Examples

French SentenceMeaning
Le train part à 14 heures.The train leaves at 2:00 PM
Le cours commence à 9 heures.The class starts at 9:00 AM

10. Using À for Scheduled Time

When saying an event happens at a time, French uses à.

Structure

StructureMeaning
verb + à + timeat + time

Examples

French SentenceMeaning
Je travaille à huit heures.I work at eight o’clock
Nous arrivons à midi.We arrive at noon
Elle part à dix heures trente.She leaves at 10:30

11. Time with Parts of the Day

French often adds time context.

ExpressionMeaningPronunciation
du matinin the morningdu ma-tan
de l’après-midiin the afternoonduh lah-pray mee-dee
du soirin the eveningdu swahr

Examples

French SentenceMeaning
Il est huit heures du matin.It is 8 AM
Il est trois heures de l’après-midi.It is 3 PM
Il est neuf heures du soir.It is 9 PM

12. Frequent Errors to Avoid

IncorrectCorrectReason
Il est un heureIl est une heurefeminine noun
Il est trois heureIl est trois heuresplural required
Il est six heures et demiIl est six heures et demiefeminine agreement

13. Vocabulary

French WordGenderMeaningPronunciation
l’heurefemininehourlœr
la minutefeminineminutelah mee-nut
le matinmasculinemorningluh ma-tan
l’après-midimasculineafternoonlah-pray mee-dee
le soirmasculineeveningluh swahr
le trainmasculinetrainluh trahn
le coursmasculineclassluh koor
le rendez-vousmasculineappointmentluh rohn-day-voo

14. Mini Paragraph

Il est sept heures du matin. Mon cours commence à huit heures trente. Nous avons une pause à dix heures et quart. Le train part à quatorze heures.

Meaning:

It is seven in the morning. My class starts at 8:30. We have a break at 10:15. The train leaves at 2:00 PM.

15. Memory Practice

French SentenceMeaning
Il est une heure.It is 1:00
Il est quatre heures vingt.It is 4:20
Il est six heures et demie.It is 6:30
Il est neuf heures moins le quart.It is 8:45
Il est midi.It is noon
Je pars à dix-sept heures.I leave at 5:00 PM

Summary Notes

ConceptKey Rule
asking timeQuelle heure est-il ?
exact hourIl est + heure(s)
one o’clockune heure
minutes afterdirect addition after hour
quarter pastet quart
half pastet demie
minutes beforemoins
noon / midnightmidi / minuit
schedulesuse à
key learning pointFrench time combines exact structure with special expressions

The most important lesson today is this: French time becomes easy once the hour structure and special expressions like et quart, et demie, and moins become automatic.